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#BioDub DNA to Protein Animations

1/19/2015

 
This first video is of transcription (DNA to RNA). RNA polymerase is the blue enzyme racing along the double stranded DNA. The yellow tail growing from it is the RNA made of RNA nucleotides (seen floating around and being taken in by the enzyme). At the beginning of transcription you see a complex series of molecules that grab onto RNA polymerase and get the process started. These are transcription factors. They ensure that the enzyme bonds where it is supposed to (at the beginning of a gene). This video is in real speed. 
The second video is from the same series and is of translation (protein synthesis). You see the yellow mRNA leaving the nucleus (having just been made in transcription). You then see the ribosome attaching to the mRNA in two pieces (the ribosome is actually a complex of two smaller molecules). After they attach, they begin to construct a protein at the start codon (AUG). You can see an amino acid sequence being created (the red string). You can also see the tRNA molecules transporting the amino acids to the ribosome and leaving empty (having deposited their amino acid). The amino acids are strung together with peptide bonds. The entire process is complete when one of three stop codons is read and the amino acid sequence (protein) is released. The video is real speed. 
Click the pic below for a great animation of translation. There is a narration, but you can also control the speed of the process, observing the intricate steps that occur as a ribosome constructs a sequence of amino acids.
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